Chair: Frank RIZZARDO

Winter service evolves over the years with ongoing development and research. This topic covers all subjects concerning innovation in techniques and technologies in winter service. New techniques such as application of de-icers and anti-icers, improvement in the use of abrasives, snow and ice clearance procedures and methodologies and sustainable and adaptive maintenance procedures are one part. But also new technologies like new snow and ice clearing equipment, automation of snow and ice control, new or alternative chemicals or materials and sustainable products or equipment are developed. Brine (sodium chloride solution) has become a good alternative to pre-wetted salt as it allows a reduction of the amount of salt used. The rising use of brine makes brine production important in winter service. After spreading salt onto the road, either dry, pre-wetted or in form of brine, a certaion amount sticks on the road surface. For further decisions, it is necessary to know how much residual salt still is on the roads. This session is about production of brine, use of liquid de-icers and how to measure residual salt.